ORGANISATION AND ADMINISTRATION

The central seat of the Bulgarian Nationwide Financial institution is in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.

The financial institution has branches in Roustchouk, Varna, Plovdiv, Timova, and Bourgas. It has companies in Viddin, Plevna, Sistova and Sliven.

The branches of the Bulgarian Agricultural Financial institution within the varied district centres act as correspondents of the Bulgarian Nationwide Financial institution.

The administration of the financial institution is vested in an Administrative Council, which is appointed by the Prince, and consists of a governor and 4 directors.

The administration of the branches is entrusted to administrators, who’re additionally appointed by the Prince.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE BANK

The Bulgarian Nationwide Financial institution offers with the next transactions:

  1. Accepts deposits from public establishments and personal individuals, redeemable at phrases or on demand, and bearing curios

The central seat of the Bulgarian Nationwide Financial institution is in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.

The financial institution has branches in Roustchouk, Varna, Plovdiv, Timova, and Bourgas. It has companies in Viddin, Plevna, Sistova and Sliven.

The branches of the Bulgarian Agricultural Financial institution within the varied district centres act as correspondents of the Bulgarian Nationwide Financial institution.

The administration of the financial institution is vested in an Administrative Council, which is appointed by the Prince, and consists of a governor and 4 directors.

The administration of the branches is entrusted to administrators, who’re additionally appointed by the Prince.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE BANK

The Bulgarian Nationwide Financial institution offers with the next transactions:

  1. Accepts deposits from public establishments and personal individuals, redeemable at phrases or on demand, and bearing curiosity or not.
  2. Advances loans, secured by mortgages, to personal individuals, or to the departments and communes.
  3. Advances loans on safety of payments, items, or payments of lading.
  4. Accepts uncovered present accounts.
  5. Reductions industrial payments and Treasury bonds.
  6. Accepts and collects industrial payments.
  7. Delivers letters of credit score and pays their worth on presentation.
  8. Buys and sells securities for its purchasers.
  9. Accepts on deposit all types of securities.
  10. Receives the State revenues and results governmental funds to the extent of those revenues.
  11. Within the final place, the financial institution undertakes to provide info regarding retailers.

The financial institution has the appropriate to concern banknotes as much as a sum which should in no case surpass the triple of its capital and reserve fund, and supplied it has in its vaults, in bullion, a minimum of onethird of the worth of the banknotes in circulation.

The banknotes truly in circulation are divided into seven collection: 5franc notes, 10franc notes, 20franc notes, and 100franc notes, in gold, and 5, 10, and 50franc notes in silver.

Based on the statutes, the online income of the Nationwide Bulgarian Financial institution are distributed as follows:

10 per cent, to the reserve fund.

three per cent, as premiums for the Administrative Council and the functionaries.

87 per cent, for the Bulgarian Authorities.

The curiosity which the Bulgarian Nationwide Financial institution pays on the sums deposited with it’s:

four per cent, on deposits for 5 years.

three per cent, on deposits for 3 years.

2 per cent, on deposits for one 12 months.

An curiosity of 1 per cent, is paid on limitless deposits and on present accounts bearing curiosity.

If the sums deposited belong to bankers no curiosity is paid.

The financial institution fees eight per cent, curiosity on its mortgage loans, and seven per cent, on loans assured by all types of securities.

 

IMITATION AND FOREIGN INFLUENCE

DURING the primary years after the liberation of the Principality the overseas artists who had been known as to Bulgaria, and the Bulgarians who had graduated on the varied European academies of high quality arts, discovered no hint of an artwork which could possibly be mentioned to satisfy the necessities of the time. However in return they found an abundance of topics which have been fairly new to them: wild and romantic surroundings which the peasants’ creativeness had peopled with legendary beings, and heroes whose reminiscence nonetheless survived in legends and within the nationwide songs which had not as but been affected by the brand new situations of life. Authentic structure, preserved within the cities and villages, and fascinating each in its common character and in picturesque particulars, supplied tempting points of interest to the artist.

There have been additionally the assorted nationwide sorts of their curious costumes Bulgarians, Turks, Gypsies and the op

DURING the primary years after the liberation of the Principality the overseas artists who had been known as to Bulgaria, and the Bulgarians who had graduated on the varied European academies of high quality arts, discovered no hint of an artwork which could possibly be mentioned to satisfy the necessities of the time. However in return they found an abundance of topics which have been fairly new to them: wild and romantic surroundings which the peasants’ creativeness had peopled with legendary beings, and heroes whose reminiscence nonetheless survived in legends and within the nationwide songs which had not as but been affected by the brand new situations of life. Authentic structure, preserved within the cities and villages, and fascinating each in its common character and in picturesque particulars, supplied tempting points of interest to the artist.

There have been additionally the assorted nationwide sorts of their curious costumes Bulgarians, Turks, Gypsies and the opposite Oriental nationalities. The nation was coated with ruins of previous church buildings and fortifications bearing proof of the ravages of time and an detached inhabitants. If we add the recent recollections from private balkan trip the revolutionary interval and from the unequal wrestle with the nationwide oppressors, we get a good suggestion of the wealthy topics and supplies which have been nonetheless ready for creative therapy.

Who had lived in Bulgaria

Neither have been the artists sluggish to avail themselves of those beneficial situations. These amongst them who had lived in Bulgaria, or who, with out visiting the nation, took an curiosity in its historical past and inhabitants, present in these a plentiful provide of latest themes for his or her inspiration.

Thus we discover Holarek, a few of whose photos have been acquired by the State and at the moment are the property of the Bulgarian Nationwide Museum, going to Bulgarian historical past of the eleventh century and taking as topic for his bestknown image an episode from the momentous wrestle of the Bulgarian King Samuel with the Greek Emperor Basil I., recognized additionally underneath the identify of the “ Killer of the Bulgarians” in consequence of his order for the blinding of 11,000 Bulgarian troopers taken captive.

Piotrovsky, in his image ” The Bloodbath by the Bashi bazouks,” has borrowed his topic from latest Bulgarian historical past the atrocities dedicated in 1876 by Bashibazouks, Gypsies, and Turkish irregulars which stuffed Europe, and particularly England, with horror, and first raised the query of bettering the lot of the oppressed Bulgarians. In the identical method Boloungaro, in his image 11 Night/’ represents a Bulgarian panorama with peasants, whereas Arndt treats the damage of “ St. Sofia ” and the adjoining Turkish quarter in winter.

 

On discovering the rank of his adversary

Masuccio (Guardato) (Flourished latter half of 15th Century)

Masuccio was born at Salerno, of noble parentage. He was a resident on the Courtroom of Naples, within the capability of secretary, for the higher a part of his life. His fifty tales, collected in a quantity known as the Novellino, are vivid footage each of the peasants and decrease burgher courses, and of the the Aristocracy. The Cavalier of Toledo is furnished with a up to date background and divulges the author`s talent in relating a romantic episode with talent and sympathy. Masuccio has the excellence of getting written one of many earliest tales within the collection that gave Shakespeare his Romeo and Juliet.

The current model is translated by Thomas Roscoe and reprinted from his Italian Novelists, London, no date. The story has no title within the unique.

The Cavalier of Toledo

The final in my assortment of these noble and virtuous actions which I’ve at all times been desirous

Masuccio (Guardato) (Flourished latter half of 15th Century)

Masuccio was born at Salerno, of noble parentage. He was a resident on the Courtroom of Naples, within the capability of secretary, for the higher a part of his life. His fifty tales, collected in a quantity known as the Novellino, are vivid footage each of the peasants and decrease burgher courses, and of the the Aristocracy. The Cavalier of Toledo is furnished with a up to date background and divulges the author`s talent in relating a romantic episode with talent and sympathy. Masuccio has the excellence of getting written one of many earliest tales within the collection that gave Shakespeare his Romeo and Juliet.

The current model is translated by Thomas Roscoe and reprinted from his Italian Novelists, London, no date. The story has no title within the unique.

The Cavalier of Toledo

The final in my assortment of these noble and virtuous actions which I’ve at all times been desirous of commemorating, is one associated to me by a distinguished foreigner, which, as being strictly true, it’s with equal delight and pleasure I proceed to element. There resided some time ago within the well-known metropolis of Toledo a cavalier named Messer Piero Lopez d`Aiala, of excessive and historical lineage, whose solely son, a nice and spirited youth of the identify of Aries, had the misfortune to interact in a. nocturnal brawl. Each events, in one in all which was the king`s explicit favourite, drawing their swords, Messer Aries, participating with the latter, handed his weapon by way of his physique on the: spot.

On discovering the rank of his adversary, conscious of the royal favor loved by him, and dreading the indignation of his monarch, the youth resolved to take flight, and being furnished by his father with horses and attendants, he got down to attempt his fortunes in one other land. And listening to of the sanguinary warfare then waging between the English and the French within the tern- tories of the latter, he resorted directly to the scene of motion, burning with the hope of signalizing himself through the marketing campaign. Arriving within the French military, he had the nice fortune to alight on the quarters of the Rely d`Armagnac, captain-general of the king`s forces, and associated to the royal home of France.

Together with his permission, the younger Castilian employed the stays of his small sources in equipping himself for battle, by which he so significantly signalized himself, each by his braveness and his conduct, as effectively in open subject as within the siege, that he turned directly admired and celebrated by his personal get together and dreaded by his adversaries. In the midst of time he rose so excessive within the esteem of his commander, a minimum of of the French monarch, that he was entrusted and honored above every other favorites of the court docket, being in a short while promoted to the rank of campo-major, and acquitting himself in such a way that he was consulted in virtually each motion.

Ujjain surpassed Mahishamati

Kosalaiembraced the world occupied by japanese ‘ Uttar Prkdesh and had its capital at Sravasti, which equivalent with Sahct-Mahet on the borders of Gondla and Bahraich districts in Uttar! Pradesh. Diggings point out that Sahet-Mahct didn’t possess any giant settlement within the sixth century B.C, Kosala. contained an necessary metropolis referred to as Ayodhya, which is related to the story within the Ramayaiya.

However excavations, present that it was not settled on any scale earlier than the sixth century B C. Kosala additionally included the tribal republican territory of Sakyas of Kapilavastu, the birth-place of the Buddha The capital of Kapilavastu has been recognized with Piprahwa in Basti district, however Lumbim, which lies at a distance of 15 km from Piprahwa in Nepal, served as apother capital of the Sakyas

Within the neighbourhood of Kosala lay the republican clan of the Mallas, whose territory touched the northern border of the Vajji state. One

Kosalaiembraced the world occupied by japanese ‘ Uttar Prkdesh and had its capital at Sravasti, which equivalent with Sahct-Mahet on the borders of Gondla and Bahraich districts in Uttar! Pradesh. Diggings point out that Sahet-Mahct didn’t possess any giant settlement within the sixth century B.C, Kosala. contained an necessary metropolis referred to as Ayodhya, which is related to the story within the Ramayaiya.

However excavations, present that it was not settled on any scale earlier than the sixth century B C. Kosala additionally included the tribal republican territory of Sakyas of Kapilavastu, the birth-place of the Buddha The capital of Kapilavastu has been recognized with Piprahwa in Basti district, however Lumbim, which lies at a distance of 15 km from Piprahwa in Nepal, served as apother capital of the Sakyas

Within the neighbourhood of Kosala lay the republican clan of the Mallas, whose territory touched the northern border of the Vajji state. One of many capitals of the Mallas lay at Kusinara, the place Gautama Buddha handed away Kusinara is equivalent with Kasia in Deoria district,

Additional west lay the type^om of the Vatsas, alongside the financial institution of the Yamuna, with its capital at Kausambi The Vatsas had been a Kuru clan who had shifted from Hastinapur and settled down at Kausambi close to Allahabad. Kausambi was chosen as a result of it was located close to the confluence of the Ganga and the Yamuna. Within the sixth century B C. it had a powerful fortified capital, as could be gathered from excavations,

Vfe additionally hear of the older states of the Kurus and the Panchalas which had been located in western Uttar Pradesh, however they not loved’ the political significance which that they had attained , within the later Vedic interval.

In central Malwa and the adjoining, half? of Madhya Pradesh lay the state of the Ayantis. , It was divided into two components. The northern half nad its capital at Ujjain, and the southern half at Mahishamati. Excavations present, that each these cities turned pretty necessary from the sixth century B.C. onwards, although finally Ujjain surpassed Mahishamati, lb deyeloped large-scale working in iron, and erected sturdy fortification,

The political historical past of India frorrt the sixth, century B.C. onwards is the historical past of struggles between these states for supremacy, In the end the dominion of Magadha emerged,to be probably the most highly effective and succeeded in founding ian empire.

Rise and Development of the Magadhan Empire

Magadha1 “got here into prominence below the management of Bimbisara, who belonged to the Har- yafika dynasty. Tie was a up to date of the Buddha. Ho began the coverage of Oonqucsts and aggrandisement whiohendOd with the Kalinga wdr of Asoka Bimbisara acquited Anga and positioned itunder the viceroyalty of Ajatasatru at Chanipa; He additionally strengthened his place’by marriage alliances.* He took three’ Wives. His first Spouse was the daughter of the king of Kosala’and‘M sister of Prasenajit. The’Kosalan bride introduced him as dowry aKasivillage;’ylOlding’h r eve ini e of 100,000, which means that’ Seventies’ wef’ef assessed m phrases of cash The wedding purchased off the hostility of Kosala’and gaVe him a frto’e hand in coping with the opposite states, His ’’second spouse Chellana was a Lichchhavi princess’ from Vaisali, and his third spouse was the ‘daughter erf the chief of the Mddra clan-of Panjab. Marriage relations with the completely different princely households gave’ monumental diplomatic status and phved’ tlife approach for the enlargement of Magadha westward and’ northward.

 

Bulgarian artists hitherto

Bulgarian artists have been hitherto more exposed to the danger of pandering to vulgar conventionalities and types than to that of succumbing to foreign influences. Success, both moral and material, was most easily gained by stereo typing the low tastes of the public, and to this temptation of winning cheap glory the higher interests of art have more than once been sacrificed.

The influence of foreign masters is principally noticeable with the younger artists, and has made itself more especially felt during recent years. Among the older artists, Ivan Angeloff belongs to the school of Millet, whose influence is visible in his pictures of peasant life. The artist who has shown himself most susceptible to foreign influence is undoubtedly Nicolas Mihailoff. His compositions “ Krali Marko,” “ Nymphs and Dragons/’ bear unmistakable signs of Arnold Bdcklin, Franz Stuck, and Ludvig von Hoffmann, while in his portraits he has been influenced in turn by Lenbach, Habennann,

Bulgarian artists have been hitherto more exposed to the danger of pandering to vulgar conventionalities and types than to that of succumbing to foreign influences. Success, both moral and material, was most easily gained by stereo typing the low tastes of the public, and to this temptation of winning cheap glory the higher interests of art have more than once been sacrificed.

The influence of foreign masters is principally noticeable with the younger artists, and has made itself more especially felt during recent years. Among the older artists, Ivan Angeloff belongs to the school of Millet, whose influence is visible in his pictures of peasant life. The artist who has shown himself most susceptible to foreign influence is undoubtedly Nicolas Mihailoff. His compositions “ Krali Marko,” “ Nymphs and Dragons/’ bear unmistakable signs of Arnold Bdcklin, Franz Stuck, and Ludvig von Hoffmann, while in his portraits he has been influenced in turn by Lenbach, Habennann, Stuck, and F. A. von Kaulbach.

Another young artist, Alexander Montafoff, has been at different periods under the influence of such different and very often opposed masters as Bdcklin, Max Zilbermann, Graf von Kolkreuth, and Segantini. Anna Hodina, in her Munich landscapes, is influenced by the Jugendstil and by the group known as Die Scholle. Alexander Bojinoff has been influenced at different periods by the works of different masters, and the same may be also said of the decorative artist Haralampi Tatcheff.

In speaking of the influence of foreign masters on Bulgarian artists, it should be added that in most cases it is but of brief duration. With their return to their country Bulgarian artists gradually shake off the yoke of foreign influence, and this they accomplish the more easily as there are in Bulgaria few, if any, masterpieces of the great European artists.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BULGARIAN ART

THE art gallery of the National Museum in Sofia, which has now been in existence for nearly twenty years, hardly gives the visitor, especially the foreign one, a true idea of the present state of art in Bulgaria. This gallery was intended to promote the esthetic education of the nation by collecting together and bringing within easy reach of the public the best productions of Bulgarian art. With this object the Government periodically purchased the works of Bulgarian artists at the various art exhibitions. The earliest State purchases were made between 1892, the date of the first Bulgarian National Exhibition, and 18999 when the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Art in Bulgaria held its last exhibition.

Then followed a period of seven years, during which no additions were made to the art gallery of the National Museum. The loss which resulted to the gallery was the greater, as these few years coincide with one of the most active stages in the development of Bulgarian art. The Society of Contemporary Art alone organised during that period four general and seven “ oneman ” exhibitions, many of the pictures exhibited deserving to be added to the collection of the National Museum.

The State, however, abstained from making any purchases, because the Museum was then being enlarged and had not yet been officially opened. The opening took place in 1905, since when the Government has returned to the original practice of enriching the art gallery by periodical purchases of new pictures.

 

THE GENESIS OF MODERN BULGARIA

lt is not my purpose, as I have said before, to write a history of Bulgaria. But of all periods of time, the ones with which the generation of the day are most imperfectly acquainted, are those which record events that occurred long enough ago to get blurred in men’s memories, and yet are of too recent date to be enshrined in history. I feel convinced that there are a hundred educated Englishmen who, if pressed, could give a fair account of the Wars of the Roses, or of the American Declaration of Independence, for one who could supply an intelligible version of the events which led up to our occupation of Egypt during the decade that preceded the battle of Tel-el-Kebir.

In the same way, I fancy, a very considerable proportion of my countrymen and countrywomen, even amongst the classes who take an intelligent interest in foreign affairs, would find it extremely difficult to recall the sequence of events, which, in a period of less than twenty years, has converted Bulgaria fr

lt is not my purpose, as I have said before, to write a history of Bulgaria. But of all periods of time, the ones with which the generation of the day are most imperfectly acquainted, are those which record events that occurred long enough ago to get blurred in men’s memories, and yet are of too recent date to be enshrined in history. I feel convinced that there are a hundred educated Englishmen who, if pressed, could give a fair account of the Wars of the Roses, or of the American Declaration of Independence, for one who could supply an intelligible version of the events which led up to our occupation of Egypt during the decade that preceded the battle of Tel-el-Kebir.

In the same way, I fancy, a very considerable proportion of my countrymen and countrywomen, even amongst the classes who take an intelligent interest in foreign affairs, would find it extremely difficult to recall the sequence of events, which, in a period of less than twenty years, has converted Bulgaria from an obscure Turkish Pashalik into an independent State. Yet a general knowledge of these events is absolutely essential to realize the progress already made by Bulgaria, and still more that which she is likely to make in the near future. In order, therefore, to render intelligible what I shall have to say later on, let me endeavour to tell, as briefly as I can, the outline of the story which records the genesis of the Bulgaria of to-day.

Russian invasion of Turkey

Bulgaria owes her independence to the Russian invasion of Turkey in 1877. The motives which prompted Russia to take up arms for the liberation of the Bulgars may not have been disinterested; the obligations imposed on the Bulgars by this intervention may have been more than cancelled by the subsequent conduct of their liberators. Still the fact remains that, but for Russia, Bulgaria would to-day be a Turkish Province, ruled by Turkish officials in the same way as Macedonia is now.

No doubt, for many years past in fact, ever since the Greek War of Independence there had been an intermittent agitation in Bulgaria, as in all the other Christian provinces of the Ottoman Empire, against the domination of the Turks. I fancy, however, from all I can learn, that this agitation was less active and less general in Bulgaria than it was elsewhere. The Bulgars are a far less excitable race than the bulk of their Sclav fellow-kinsmen; their religion is not fanatical; their minds are mainly taken up with the tillage of their farms; they are not, like the Greeks, born politicians and agitators; their great desire is to be let alone to look after their own affairs.

A country of small peasant farmers, with no wealthy and educated class, and with no natural leaders either by birth or tradition, is not a promising soil for the development of an armed insurrection against the powers that be. At any rate, I can see no evidence to show that, till Russia appeared on the scene, there was any formidable national agitation amongst the Bulgarians for the overthrow of Turkish rule.

To admit this is not tantamount to saying that the Bulgarians were contented with their lot The few traders and land- owners who were in a position to afford the expense, sent their sons to be educated abroad ; and these sons returned home imbued with Western ideas and eager to see their country delivered from Moslem thralldom. I suspect there are few, if any, of the men, now occupying important positions in Bulgarian public life, who were not in their hot youths implicated in conspiracies and in secret associations for the emancipation of Bulgaria.

They would all tell you, if they spoke the truth, that though at this period they had the sympathy and good wishes of their fellow-countrymen, they did not meet with the popular support which is required to make a revolution. They would, I think, also admit—though with reluctance— that their original idea was to effect a revolution by Russian aid; that they were in constant communication with the agents of the Sclav propaganda in Russia; and that they had most of them received not only instructions but active assistance from Russia.

 

Constantinople Parliament of Religions

All these differences are not matters seen at a remote distance of place or time; they are not curious items of archaeological lore. On the contrary, they enter into the practical experience of your workaday life, compelling you to see things from various points of view, and to conform to the ways of humanity in manifold directions.

Then what a diversified scene is spread before the mind by the variety of religious faiths professed here. A native of Constantinople put the case before the Parliament of Religions, held at the Chicago Exposition, thus: “We have a Parliament of Religions every day in Constantinople.” The faith of Israel, Mohammedanism, and Christianity, are here matched against each other in great organized communities, with the marks of the controversies and wars which form so large a part of the history of this Eastern world fresh and clear upon them.

Here are the sects and schools of thought which divide Islam; the Sunnites who maintain the legitima

All these differences are not matters seen at a remote distance of place or time; they are not curious items of archaeological lore. On the contrary, they enter into the practical experience of your workaday life, compelling you to see things from various points of view, and to conform to the ways of humanity in manifold directions.

Then what a diversified scene is spread before the mind by the variety of religious faiths professed here. A native of Constantinople put the case before the Parliament of Religions, held at the Chicago Exposition, thus: “We have a Parliament of Religions every day in Constantinople.” The faith of Israel, Mohammedanism, and Christianity, are here matched against each other in great organized communities, with the marks of the controversies and wars which form so large a part of the history of this Eastern world fresh and clear upon them.

Here are the sects and schools of thought which divide Islam; the Sunnites who maintain the legitimacy of all the Caliphs, the Shiites who hold that Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet, was his first lawful successor, and who gather annually in the court of the Valid& Khan in Stamboul, to cut and gash themselves, like their brethren in Persia, as they mourn the murder of Ali’s sons, Hussein and Hassan; the Howling and the Dancing Dervishes who hope to apprehend the Divine in their ecstasy, the Bektashs Dervishes, more rationalistic, more tolerant, more latitudinarian.

Here are the sects that divide the Christian world; Orthodox Greek, Roman Catholic, Gregorian Armenian, Protestant, representatives of the Nestorian Church, and of the Syrian Jacobite’s. What long vistas of Church History are thus open on every hand; what different modes of conceiving truths stare you in the face at every turn!

Political situation

Finally, but not least, there is the spacious outlook afforded by the political situation, of which Constantinople has long been the center. The question of the continued existence of the Ottoman rule in Europe, if not also in Asia, has been a burning question for many generations, affecting both the destiny of the peoples subject to that rule and the interests and relations of all the Great Powers of Europe.

It is one of the biggest, most important, most complicated problems that can occupy the minds of the statesmen of the world, and it has no less magnitude in its appeals to the concern of philanthropists. Here, to speak with malice to none and with charity for all, is a rule established by the might of conquest over different races, rival nationalities, and various creeds.

A letter was fabricated

The Gospodars had also a strong faction in the town; and were altogether in a position to undertake something serious. But already was their unity destroyed and their power lessened by several losses. Milan, on whom they could reckon unconditionally, had fallen ill at Bucharest, not long after Lasar Woinowitsch had returned to him, and he died on the last day of the year 1810. It was asserted by some that he had been removed by poison.

But what to them was of greater importance, Jacob Nenadowitscli had now other views : he determined to fill his place in the Senate. Having married his son Efrem to the daughter of Mladen, and joined himself entirely to the party of Kara George ; instead of coming with a numerous troop, he appeared at Belgrade in his sledge, accompanied only by two Momkes. Thus Peter and Milenko alone remained with Weliko.

The opposite party also contrived to separate AVcliko from his faction. Kara George not only made him large presents of money, but re

The Gospodars had also a strong faction in the town; and were altogether in a position to undertake something serious. But already was their unity destroyed and their power lessened by several losses. Milan, on whom they could reckon unconditionally, had fallen ill at Bucharest, not long after Lasar Woinowitsch had returned to him, and he died on the last day of the year 1810. It was asserted by some that he had been removed by poison.

But what to them was of greater importance, Jacob Nenadowitscli had now other views : he determined to fill his place in the Senate. Having married his son Efrem to the daughter of Mladen, and joined himself entirely to the party of Kara George ; instead of coming with a numerous troop, he appeared at Belgrade in his sledge, accompanied only by two Momkes. Thus Peter and Milenko alone remained with Weliko.

The opposite party also contrived to separate AVcliko from his faction. Kara George not only made him large presents of money, but restored to him his position as AVoiwode of Bania, which he had nearly forfeited by his departure the }Tear before: he often called him “Son;” saying, “Alcxa, his first born son, was not dearer to him,” and thus contrived to win him over entirely to his interests. But, that AVeliko might not waver between his old and new engagements, care vras taken to remove him to some distance.

A letter was fabricated, in which it was stated that the Turks had made an irruption into the country from Niscli, and had already advanced as far as l’ania; and the letter was delivered by a Tartar, streaming with perspiration. Nothing further was required to stimulate the Heyduc: to save his AVoiwodeship, he set out with all his Bekjares without a moment’s delay.

Milenko and Peter had no longer the courage to attempt any thing. Stephen Schiwkowitsch, the richest man in Belgrade, and an old enemy of Mladen’s, pressed the two chiefs once more to try their fortune: he would have had them commence immediately by an assault upon Mladen’s house. Peter and Milenko answered,   “ We are short of men.”

“ Are we not three of us,” replied Schiwkowitsch ; “ and have we not our Momkcs ? Upon the first shot the inhabitants of the town will rise: for they hate Mladen; and the country people, who are greedy after booty, will rush in to our support.” But the chiefs further objected that “ they were without ammunition even to begin with; ” whereupon Schiwkowitsch directly procured several sacksful, which he brought to the inn. But as has already been stated, both Milenko and Peter were so discouraged by their previous ill success, that, whilst Schiwkowitsch was making these proposals, they remained sitting by the fireside, without answering, and merely stirring the coals.

To be fully assured how matters stood, Kara George had now only to ascertain what lie was to expect from the Russian regiment, (the regiment Neuschlot,) and how its Colonel, Balia, was disposed towards him. If he had at any time shown himself disaffected towards the Bus  sians, it was because lie had suffered himself to be persuaded and indeed by the assertions of his adversaries themselves   that his enemies and rivals had found in them a help and support. At length, he determined to learn the real state of affairs. One day when he, Peter Dobrinjaz, and Milenko, together with the Colonel, had been dining at Mladen’s, and afterwards, to honour the Foreigner, had accompanied him towards his home, Kara George   perhaps designedly just as they arrived at the colonel’s abode, entered into a violent dispute with Milenko. Already he had ordered his Momkcs to take Milenko’s sword from him, when Balia, who lived in the same house, pleaded for him.

This was the critical moment which Kara George had expected, lie took off his cap and implored Balia, “by the bread of his Emperor,” to tell him whether he had come to support Milenko’s faction. Balia replied, that, he had come to render assistance to the nation under the command of Kara George. “ Then,” cried the latter, “let me take and kiss thy hand in lieu of that of the Emperor.” lie required no further assurance: he no longer thought of his dispute with Milenko, but was satisfied with knowing himself secure on this side also.

The next day, however, he took measures for terminating the whole affair. He sent to Milenko and Peter the appointments which removed them from their supreme command to their seats inthe Senate. Should they accept them ? It was only too evident, since Jacob had gone over to their opponent, that, in the Senate also, where they would find themselves in the minority, they would possess but little influence. “ Should they refuse?” If they did, exile awaited them. Nevertheless, they determined to refuse, hoping that their request to live as private individuals in their respective districts might be granted. As their power, however, depended less on their legal rights than on their personal influence, their request, was refused.

Hera is mostly symbolized

Zeus has always been cheating on Hera. Accordingly, cheat­ing has to be taken for granted for mankind as well. Moreover, is not Zeus the one who created them?

Hera must be loyal. She is described as a housewife that wait­ing for her husband without questioning. She can be disappointed and hurt but never unfaithful. The men living at that age draw a Hera type for their women. In case of a cheating, the punishment would be more severe than Zeus performed of Hera. Because Hera is immortal, the woman is mortal, however.

As it is seen, by the help of mythological stories we can learn about the social, economic, moral condition of the people living in the age of legends and naturally their understanding of family.

  1. Hera: The wife and the sister of Zeus. She is the goddess of marriage and midwifery. She has a nervous and direful image. She is the queen of the heavens. The biggest temple belonging to Hera is on the Island Sisam. Peacock and cow are known to be he

Zeus has always been cheating on Hera. Accordingly, cheat­ing has to be taken for granted for mankind as well. Moreover, is not Zeus the one who created them?

Hera must be loyal. She is described as a housewife that wait­ing for her husband without questioning. She can be disappointed and hurt but never unfaithful. The men living at that age draw a Hera type for their women. In case of a cheating, the punishment would be more severe than Zeus performed of Hera. Because Hera is immortal, the woman is mortal, however.

As it is seen, by the help of mythological stories we can learn about the social, economic, moral condition of the people living in the age of legends and naturally their understanding of family.

  1. Hera: The wife and the sister of Zeus. She is the goddess of marriage and midwifery. She has a nervous and direful image. She is the queen of the heavens. The biggest temple belonging to Hera is on the Island Sisam. Peacock and cow are known to be her symbols. She is the divine symbol of faithful and loyal wife. Zeus womanizes but she mourns. She is the most beautiful god­dess after Aphrodite. Hera is mostly symbolized with pomegran­ate which is the symbol of reproduction. Her face has a lily white complexion as a representation of beauty. The white heaven is embodies the divine face of Hera.

Athena: God of war and intelligence. She is Zeus’s daugh­ter. Although Metis is her mother, Zeus brings her to the world in a peculiar way. The moment Zeus is caught by Hera while he was with beloved Metis, he becomes entangled and swallows her right there. Zeus will bring the baby of pregnant Metis out of his own head. Intelligent and clever Zeus bears Metis inside his head for a long time. When the time

Turkish, Greek, Macedonian and other cultures around

She’s mysterious.

You’ll often look at your girl and wonder what thoughts whirl behind those pretty green eyes. Dark and enchanting, Bulgarian women are a mix of Russian, Turkish, Greek, Macedonian and other cultures around, intertwined by a common history, and our exotic features allow us to keep our emotions to ourselves if we choose to, while you admire our flawless exterior.

Her milkshakes bring all the boys to the yard.

As Zoolander would put it: “we’re really really really good-looking!” Fact. You’ll have some fierce competition so you better bring on your A game. I’m talking flowers and bonboni, compliments and little surprise gifts, to make you stand out from the rest of the glarusi.

You’ll have to work out

We, Bulgarian women, pay a tremendous amount of attention to our figures, because this is how our mothers raised us. (To this day I rarely eat bread, thanks mom!) Whether we go jogging at the Borisova Gradina, hike

She’s mysterious.

You’ll often look at your girl and wonder what thoughts whirl behind those pretty green eyes. Dark and enchanting, Bulgarian women are a mix of Russian, Turkish, Greek, Macedonian and other cultures around, intertwined by a common history, and our exotic features allow us to keep our emotions to ourselves if we choose to, while you admire our flawless exterior.

Her milkshakes bring all the boys to the yard.

As Zoolander would put it: “we’re really really really good-looking!” Fact. You’ll have some fierce competition so you better bring on your A game. I’m talking flowers and bonboni, compliments and little surprise gifts, to make you stand out from the rest of the glarusi.

You’ll have to work out

We, Bulgarian women, pay a tremendous amount of attention to our figures, because this is how our mothers raised us. (To this day I rarely eat bread, thanks mom!) Whether we go jogging at the Borisova Gradina, hike in Vitosha or hit the gym, we’re always in an envy-worthy shape, so you better keep up, boys.

You’ll have to earn her dad’s respect at the table

Ok, so you were the lucky one to sweep her off her feet among the other admirers, so what? I hate to break it to you, but you haven’t won the girl over until you’ve “seduced΅ her father. (Strictly metaphorically speaking, do not mention any weird things like that to him!) You have to keep up with her dad’s appetite for eating and drinking, have to demonstrate how respectful you are and state your intentions clearly. All in all, it’s kind of like an Ivy League college application — hard but worth it.

You’ll go bankrupt on roses

Ah, but who can put a price tag on love, right? The Bulgarian maslodayna rose is our national pride and most beautiful flower in the entire country. Stock up on fresh roses and balms to surprise her with, with no occasion whatsoever.

She’ll never ask for a bandaid

Don’t expect your Bulgarian woman to come crying to you whenever faced with difficulties. Her strong and independent persona will try anything possible to resolve it alone, and would never ask to be rescued by anyone. She’s the Snow White who had the 7 dwarves straightening out her posh apartment while she was kicking the evil queen’s ass, no prince bullsh*t.

You’ll break an ankle dancing horo

You MUST know how to dance. If you don’t, I suggest you take a lesson or two ASAP, because you’ll need it! Between late night mehana gatherings and all-day Trifon Zarezan celebrations, there are more occasions to celebrate than days of the year, so get your Dunavsko Horo straight.