Any other financing or donation of property

A group of MPs on July 4, 2017, submitted to the Bulgarian
Parliament a draft amendment to the Judicial System Act. Key among all the
additions to the existing regulations are the provisions that restrict the
sources for financing of the professional organizations of magistrates –
judges, prosecutors and investigators, as well as court clerks.

Funds from ‘foreign persons’

According to the bill, these groups will be limited only to
membership fees, property contributions and donations from the members. Any other
financing or donation of property in any form is prohibited.

According to the amendment, judges, prosecutors and
investigators may be involved in scientific or educational activities only when
“they are not funded exclusively by a foreign state or a foreign
citizen.”

The interpretation of the restrictive provision is so broad
that it does not allow funding of professional organizations, nor does it allow
magistrates to take part in scientific or educating activities even when the
financial backing comes from the institutions of the European Union, the
Council of Europe or the United Nations, despite the fact that the Republic of
Bulgaria voluntarily accepted membership in these international organizations.

All of them are treated as a “foreign person.” Currently,
the magistrates’ organizations are not funded by the state and the new
regulations will prohibit funding from EU programs, although the state receives
funds from these programs.

In the appendices, the motives for this draft amendment are
described in a vague way. They pinpoint the demands to ensure
“independence,” “isolation from external intervention” and
“public benefit.”

It remains unclear, however, what kind of independence they
are looking for, from which “external interference” they are defending,
what the professional organizations of magistrates should be limited to, and
what is the public benefit from all these.

It is well known that managing the autonomy of professional
training is part of the independence of the judiciary.

The inclusion of these restrictive regulations in the
Judiciary Act is unjustified, and the motives for doing that are completely
untenable. Undoubtedly, they will restrict the right of magistrates to
associate on a discriminatory basis, weaken their organizations, and, as a
result, they will silence the voice of these professional communities.

Even under current law, a number of restrictions on
magistrates’ ability to occupy certain positions, to join certain organizations
and trade companies and to engage in commercial activities. Some, though not
all of them, are justified, since such formal contacts can create a conflict of
interest and undermine the independence of magistrates when they exercise their
duties.

However, the funding of the professional organizations does
not in any way affect the way their members respect the law. The aim of the
funding is to strengthen these organizations in order to protect the
professional interests of magistrates – that’s why they are created.

Over 20 NGOs have taken a stand against the adoption of
these restrictive measures. They urge the MP’s to vote against them in order to
reject them.

The ability of the non-profit organizations to raise funds
is an integral part of the right of freedom to associate.

The draft amendment introduces restrictions on the right of
magistrates to associate on a discriminatory basis because such restrictions do
not exist in regards to any other professional organization in Bulgaria.

Photographs and Prints

With all the exhibitions opening nowadays, Istanbul is becoming a veritable art city’. Catching alt of them is out of the question. If you’d like to be guided by tips from the artist as you tour the major ones, just keep on reading!

“I Chose Art”

When asked what means one can use for political action, German artist Joseph Beuys replied, “I chose art. ’’Now, an exhibition, ‘Joseph Beuys and His Students’, at the Sakip Sabana Museum (SSM) explains a lot. You have to take time to read all the panels if you want to understand… Accompanying Beuys in the exhibition, which brings together close to 350 drawings, photographs and prints, are his students, Peter Angermann, Lothar Baumgarten, Walter Dahn, Felix Droese, Imi Giese, Imi Knoebel, Katharina Sieverding and Norbert Tadeusz. Through 1 November.

“This Is Not A Retrospective!”

‘Site’ is not a retrospective even though it covers Sarkis’s 50-year career as an artist. The artist is royally annoyed if anybody says this. Hallmark of the exhibition, curated by Levent Qalikoglu, Chief Curator of Istanbul Modern, are materials that are open-ended, multi-layered and stubbornly unfinished… as well as Sarkis’s constantly re-created installations, works he has saved up and breathed life into over the years, the costumes, the sculptures, the stained glass and the neons…

Head for Istanbul Modem to see this exhibition, which the artist is continuously renewing. Through 10 October.

S: https://bulgarian.doholidays.com/tips-artists/

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Eulenspiegel and the Merchant

Eulenspiegel and the Merchant (Anonymous: about 1500)

The earliest known version of Eulenspiegel dates from 1515, though an edition is said to have been printed in 1483. Nothing at all is known about the author. The merry pranks of Eulenspiegel, like the adventures of Reynard and his companions, formed the basis of several collections of adventures in the late Sixteenth and early Seventeenth Centuries.

They were utilized in the Nineteenth Century by the Belgian Charles de Coster. The original book, in the words of Roscoe, is “a national storehouse of amusement from which each successive generation has largely drawn.” Like most of the books of its kind, it was derived from fables and popular traditions.

The present version, translated by Thomas Roscoe, is reprinted from Roscoe’s German Novelists, London, no date. It is one of the separate adventures and has only a descriptive note by way of title.

From Eulertspiegel, the Merry Jester

In the town of Herdellem there resided a rich merchant, who, happening one day to be walking in one of his own fields, a short way out of the city, saw Howleglass lying on the green. He inquired who he was. To this Howleglass replied, “I am a cook without a master, and I have been a cook’s servant, otherwise a scullion; but that is now not a place for me.”

The merchant said, “If you like to become my servant, I will give you good board and wages, besides your clothes; you shall have a trial, for my wife is continually bickering one after another with all her cooks.” Howleglass promised to do his best to please him; and his new master asked his name, to which our hero replied that it was Bartholomew.

“The name,” said the merchant, “is too long; you shall be called Dol.” “Sir,” said Howleglass, “just as you like best, it pleases me well.” “Then come,” added his master, ‘‘you are the sort of man I want; let us go directly into my garden to gather herbs for the young boiled chickens, as tomorrow I have a party coming, and we must make merry with the best cheer.” So they went to the house, and when the merchant’s wife saw them come in, she said,

“Heyday, master mine, what kind of a servant have you brought us here? Are you afraid lest the bread should be left to grow moldy? What is he for?” “Oh, you shall see that, my dear, tomorrow. Here, Dol, take this pannier, and follow me to the shambles.”

Source: Eulenspiegel and the Merchant

SCHOOL BUDGET

We give here only the items of expenditure
for the year 19021903, as supplied by the Direction for Statistics :

School. Francs.

By the By the State. Communes.              Tout.

Bulgarian national           4,136,062            2,819,079            6,955,141

private              —           25,543   25,543

Catholic            —           1,880     1,880

Protestant       —           5,239     5,239

Mahommedan              —           7,255     7,255

Turkish                 27,870   230,576                258,446

Tartar                   3l6          11,384   11,700

Greek                —           95,845   95,845

French, German ..           —           42,549   42,549

Roumanian        —           27,676   27,676

Jewish                  —           148,070                148,070

Lipovanian          —           220         220

Armenian ..        —           45,905   45,905

Gypsy                   —           90           90

Total fees           4,164,248             3,461,311            7,625,559

THE EXPENDITURE ON PRIMARY SCHOOLS COMPARED WITH THE TOTAL
POPULATION

Without taking into account the fact that the teachers in the Mahommedan, Bulgarian Mahommedan, and private schools are as a rule badly paid, a comparison between the total population of the country and the general expenditure during the year 19021903 shows that, on an average, to every inhabitant corresponds a sum of 2 04 francs.

THE EXPENDITURE ON SCHOOLS COMPARED WITH THE

NUMBER OF STUDENTS

If we divide the total expenditure by the total number of students, we obtain the sum of 22 38 francs, which represents the average annual cost of every student.

ESTABLISHMENTS FOR SECONDARY EDUCATION

GYMNASIA FOR BOYS

There are throughout the Principality ten gymnasia for boys, of which five have two sections classical and modem. The object of the gymnasia is to give the students a general knowledge of a more advanced character, and to prepare them for their higher studies. The secondary studies comprise two courses : the elementary course, which lasts three years, and the higher course, which lasts four years. The curriculum of the gymnasia covers the following subjects, which are obligatory for all regular students :

(1)Religious instruction; (2) Bulgarian language; (3) French and German ; (4) Russian ; (5) Latin ; (6) Greek ; (7) History; (8) Geography and Civic Instruction; (9) arithmetic ; (10) geometry and geometrical drawing; (11) algebra ; (12) descriptive geometry ; (13) physics; (14) chem istry; (15) natural science ; (16) psychology ;  (17) logic

and ethics ; (18) drawing; (19)
calligraphy; (20) singing ; (21) gymnastics.

The higher course is subdivided into two
sections : classical section and section of science. The special studies in the
classical section are Greek, Latin, and literature, and those of the science
section geometrical drawing, drawing, and descriptive geometry.

HIGH SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS

There are eight high schools for girls. The
entire course lasts seven years, and is divided into elementary and higher
departments. The elementary department comprises five classes and the higher
two. There are high schools which have only five classes. The higher department
is subdivided into two sections : general instruction and pedagogics.

The attempts to attribute

The cyclical calendar, as an embodiment of the idea of the “eternal circle”, is also a possible solution to the difficult metaphysical problem of “eternity-time”.

Of course, the ancient Bulgarian calendar r not the only cyclical calendar but it remain: incomparable with its accuracy and functionality to this day. The attempts to attribute its origin to Chinese or Turkic influences have proved futile. A Chinese geographic tractate of the 10th century includes an announcement of the 7th century, stating that the Chinese noted as an interesting fact the use of a 12-year cycle for calendar purposes by the population between Samarkand and Buhara. For them, the 12- year animal cycle as a calendar system outside the 60-year cycle was unknown until the time of the Han dynasty (206 BC-25 AD) when it was included in the Chinese calendar system under the influence of their western neighbors.

A vivid proof of the long-term spiritual links and loans which the Bulgarians kept in the Indo-Iranian world and beyond it, is in the chess figures found on the territory of Danube and Volga Bulgaria. The game of chess has been considered a sublime achievement of the aristocracy and the clergy since Antiquity. It was made possible because of contacts at the highest intellectual and philosophical-mathematical level.

Uranic Earth arrangement

The invention of the precise Uranic- Earth arrangement of time on the basis of the mathematical 12-digit pattern of the Cosmos is the result of the active cultural interactions of the Bulgarians with other historical partners at a similar or at the same level of spiritual development. The calculation, use and dissemination of that well designed model of sun calendar are not only an achievement of one advanced civilization. That is a proof of the exceptionally powerful centralized ruling institution, which controls also the scholar priests in the epoch before the year 300 BC.

This conclusion is supported by the dynastic 12-year cyclical calendar which is documented by an exceptional written source, the Name-List of Bulgarian Kans. The manuscript was found in the 19th century in a collection of Russian texts. It is a chronology of the reign of 13 Kans.

S: https://bulgarian.doholidays.com/cyclical-calendar/

The judiciary career is open to all Bulgarian subjects

The judiciary career is open to all Bulgarian subjects who fulfil the following conditions: (1) They must be at least twentysix years old; (2) they must have completed the full course of legal instruction; (3) they must have passed with success a State examination, and served at least six months as candidates attached to a Departmental Court. The candidate must also know the official language of the country, he must enjoy civil and political rights, and must not be accused of crimes entailing the penalty of hard labour.

The promotion of judges to a higher rank
takes place periodically, after they have occupied a position for a fixed
number of years, and have been favourably reported upon by the superior Court.

The judges, public prosecutors, and
Justices of Peace are appointed by royal decree, on the advice of the Minister
of Justice. They are selected from a list of three candidates, recommended by
the respective courts. The Minister of Justice, however, is not obliged to
chbose one of the three candidates whose names have been submitted by the
Court, and may recommend the appointment of other candidates, provided they
have the indispensable qualifications.

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According to the law regulating the
judiciary organisation of the country, no judge may be at the same time a
deputy, barrister, civil servant, professor, teacher, merchant, editor of
political newspapers, member of a political party, concessioner, State
contractor, or chairman or director of a commercial company.

The principle of the permanency

The principle of the permanency of the
judges has been introduced in the judiciary organisation of the country, but
not as regards all the judges. Those judges and examining magistrates alone are
permanent who have a special legal instruction and have served as such for a
period of fifteen years. No permanent judge may be placed on the retired list
except at his own request, or in virtue of a disciplinary decision rendered by
the proper judiciary authority. He may not be transferred to a different post,
even though it be a superior one, except with his written consent. The officers
of the Public Prosecution department are not permanent.

The judges, as all the State functionaries,
are held responsible for their acts .civilly, criminally, or disciplinarily.

In addition to the ordinary law courts,
there are in the Principality a certain number of special tribunals. To this
category belong the militaiy courts, the religious courts, and the consular
courts.

Small But Yummy

How do you eat finger-food with style and finesse?

Our expert offers some tips on how to eat classy snacks with dignity.

They’re the tiny snacks that make it possible for us to try a wide range of different, equally delicious ingredients. They are, of course, the mini-savouries which so tease our palates. Around the world, these are not just a good accompaniment to wines and aperitifs, but have also come to be seen as a great alternative to three-course menus in recent years.

Spanish tapas, Italian antipasti, Chinese dim sum, Indian tiffin or mezze from the Middle East have also won our culinary hearts. You can hardly attend a reception, cocktail evening, opening or premiere nowadays without being offered a culinary experience that dispenses with cutlery. The French lovingly refer to them as hors d’oeuvres. They are designed to enable adults to eat using nothing but their fingers.

Finger Food

But that, of course, is precisely the catch with them. Handling such top-end finger-food in a skilful, tactful and appetising manner is a precondition for its stylish enjoyment. Here are a few tips on how to eat such snacks and retain some dignity. Even a piece of pizza can be eaten with style if you want. Just press against the sides a little, and nothing will drip onto your trousers or shirt. The ever-popular fries simply taste best with ketchup. But be careful with the red tomato sauce – less is sometimes more, especially if you then forget to clean the corners of your mouth with a serviette after enjoying them. And what about the cocktail tomato?

This is a popular, and fast, antipasti snack. The danger here lurks when actually biting into it. Remember to keep your mouth closed, and you need not shower your neighbour in the flesh of the delicious fruit. The prawn should always be held at the tail-end before being bitten into. Nobody wants to see how you pick at it with both hands in your mouth in an effort to remove any remaining bits of meat and shell. Serviettes are not just there for decorative purposes, and please don’t just place used toothpicks back in the presentation bowl.

He guest after you will thank you for it. Foreign guests should be warned that not everything baked at these latitudes is tempura. Small pork savouries are often concealed in the batter. And finally, one more tip: should you be very hungry, make sure you get a standing table. With a glass in one hand and a savoury in the other, it can be difficult to greet passing throngs of guests.

Source: https://bulgaria.tourhints.info/small-yummy/

The glory and supremacy of Simeon’s reign

The glory and supremacy of Simeon’s reign,
unfortunately, did not last. Internal struggles had begun, owing to the
jealousies of some of the nobles and their spirit of adventure. The boyars, the
knights and dignitaries of Bulgaria, had always had great authority. In the
reign of Boris II. (A.D. 963), a boyar named Shishman Mokar raised a party and
took possession of the whole of Western Bulgaria, turning it into a separate
kingdom. Boris was overwhelmed by fresh misfortunes. The Russians invaded
Bulgaria, and Boris called in the help of the Emperor, John Zemissius, who took
advantage of the situation to gain possession of the kingdom. Fortunately, the
successor of Shishman, Tsar Samuel, whose reign was as brilliant as that of
Simeon, succeeded in reuniting the kingdom of Bulgaria, with Prespa as capital.

A long and unlucky war with Byzantium

In 1015 Bulgaria, after a long and unlucky war with Byzantium, was brought to subjection. A new state of things began for the Bulgarians, who till then had never felt the control of an enemy. The people longed for liberty, and there were many attempts at revolt. Towards 1186, two brothers, John and Peter Assen, raised a revolt and succeeded in reestablishing the ancient kingdom, choosing as capital Timova, their native town. It was then that Timova became what it still remains, the historic town of Bulgaria. The reign of John and Peter Assen was a brilliant time for Bulgaria Art and literature flourished as never before, and commerce developed to a considerable extent. Once more the Bulgarian empire was respected and feared abroad.

This lasted as long as the dynasty founded by John and Peter Assen continued to reign. Unfortunately, this dynasty died out in 1257, and Bulgaria fell into the hands of usurpers. Once more it was divided, and different chiefs, among them Roman, George Terter and Michael Shishman, tried in turn to found dynasties and protect the country. They all tailed. On the one side the Servians, on the other the Magyars, and afterwards the Turks, who were already settled in the south of the peninsula, cast greedy eyes on Bulgaria. At last, as a result of the famous and fatal battle of Kossovo (A,D. 1393), Bulgaria lost her political independence and became a simple Ottoman province.

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Soon afterwards she lost the independence
of her autonomous Church, and in spiritual matters became a slave of the
Phanar. All the other Christian peoples of the peninsula were in their turn
subjected by the Turks.

Eurobond All Fonds

Government Bonds Less Interest

When it comes to government bonds, on the other hand, the returns are less interesting. Mathias Bauer, head of Raiffeisen Capital Management: “Government bonds have long been classified as a safe haven for investment, but corporate papers are now preferable on risk grounds.” This is why Austria’s money experts in general are advising investors to alter their strategies.

Franz Witt-Dorring, Head of UBS Austria: “Investors should not commit to any government bonds with a term longer than seven years, since such papers could come under pressure in the next 12 to 24 months.” Erste Bank expert Hollinger went on: “Investors should be reducing the average remaining term of their fixed-interest bonds held in security deposits. They should also consider shifting their fixed-interest securities into floaters.”

Private Banking Manager Ohswald: “Share funds which actively hedge the interest rate risk offer good opportunities. Investors should avoid funds which only display one index, however.”

This is why Ohswald is currently recommending that his well-heeled private banking clients invest in such items as the broadly-spread R2 Eurobond All Fonds, or the corporate share fund Euro Corporate Fonds. Vontobel Head Landesmann also finds corporate bonds a good way for aspiring investors to mix their money: “Thanks to the superior returns they offer compared to secure government bonds and the lively economic situation in the industrial sector, corporate securities are attractive.”

Creditworthiness also plays an important role, however, thanks to the returns that can be achieved. Bank Austria Private Banking Manager Danzmayr comments: “Those investing in corporate securities for the first time would be well-advised to go for securities of companies with a lower level of creditworthiness, since first-class credit ratings are already yielding lower returns than the government bonds of core Eurozone countries.”

Erste Bank expert Hollinger also finds reasons to opt for securities with worse classifications: “Shares with ratings below the investment grade field show high liquidity. In addition to this, the low interest environment in the developed economies, better corporate data and falling rates of bankruptcy offer benefits.”

“Corporate papers are now preferable on riskgrounds”

The 10-year gold price in US dollars rose by around 420 percent. For Euro-investors, too, gold has been a good investment, yielding a return of some 250 percent. Despite the strong price increase, there is still room for it to rise further. UBS expert Witt-Dorring notes: “The gold price could rise to 1,650 dollars per ounce over the next year. For this forecast to come true, however, investor demand and demand for gold jewellery must continue to rise.

Purchases by central banks alone will not lead to higher prices.” To maintain a broad spread, gold should continue to have a place in investors’ portfolios. There are a number of different ways of buying into gold: you can buy physical gold, or invest in exchange traded funds which include gold. In addition to this, investors can buy gold shares. As Vontobel expert Landesmann puts it: “Gold plays the role of a buffer against risk during crisis situations.

We are currently recommending to conservative investors that they put seven percent of their entire investment in gold and gold exchange traded funds. Since gold shares depend on the stock exchange trend, however, they don’t offer the same diversification benefit as physical gold.” RCM Head Bauer recommends that five percent of your money be kept in gold. Bauer: “If you want a broader spread, you should invest in gold and raw materials funds such as Raiffeisen Active Commodities.”

Source: https://bulgaria.doholiday.com/money-interest/