Nation is a chronicle of defeats

The historical past of a nation is a chronicle of defeats and victories, of struggles and achievements. That is significantly tru of countries just like the Bulgarian, present for a couple of thousand years. A jubilee just like the one you might be celebrating immediately, is a proof of the resistance and endurance of the human spirit, of its persistant aspiration in the direction of nationwide independence. Moreover, in our time such a jubilee underscores the function of peace as a mandatory prerequisite for a nation’s life and progress. The approaching, after World Conflict Two, of a constructive stage in Bulgaria’s nationwide deed, and the achievement of exceptional financial successes, wouldn’t be attainable with out peace and friendship with the opposite nations. These days, nations can greatest notice their aspirations for a greater and happier future solely on the idea of mutual cooperation.

Because it entered the United Nations 26 years in the past, Bulgaria has actively participated in our collective efforts for strengthening world peace and safety, for justice and progress. I’m pleased, on this historic event, to formulate to the Bulgarian folks greatest needs for welfare and prosperity.

Kurt Waldheim, Secretary Basic of the United Nations Organisation

The 13th centennial of the Bulgarian State is a historic date. By underscoring its significance, the Basic Convention of UNESCO at its XXI session held final 12 months in Belgrade, adopted unanimously a decision expressing the reassurance that the celebration of this anniversary would contribute to a greater understanding amongst nations on the earth, and known as upon the member States to participate in it.

To the Basic Secretary of UNESCO  as a United Nations group that’s specialised in such vital fields as schooling, science and tradition  the celebration of this jubilee is a contented event to pay tribute to the contribution of the Bulgarian State, as one in all Europe’s oldest States, to the world’s historic and cultural improvement.

The centre of the Balkan Peninsula

Located proper within the centre of the Balkan Peninsula, and heir of excessive civilizations which had endowed it with a freedom loving, peaceloving spirit, the Bulgarian nation has resisted the ups and downs of historical past and the vicissitudes of centuriesold international domination, and due to the daring and inventive genius of its folks it has preserved its dignity, nationwide and cultural originality and centuriesold traditions.

Bulgaria, which was thought-about on the finish of World Conflict Two as an completely agrarian State, and which ranked among the many poorest in Europe, has marked an distinctive progress within the financial, social and cultural fields, because of the novel reconstruction of the nation, and of the selfless efforts of all of its folks.

 

The sittings of the Municipal Councils are public, besides in just a few circumstances

As regards their validity, the choices of the Municipal Councils fall into three classes : (1) Selections which change into instantly enforceable with out requiring the approval of a better authority ; (2) selections which will not be executed till they’ve been authorized by the next authority ; (three) selections requiring the royal approval, which is granted n the type of a decree.

Moreover the choices which it could soak up advantage of the powers conferred on it by the regulation of the communes, the Municipal Council is certain to furnish all data for which the prefect could ask. The prefect additionally has the precise of submitting to the examination of the Municipal Council any questions in regards to the common welfare of the commune, such because the constructing of roads, non secular train, charitable objects, or public instruction.

The Municipal Council elects from amongst its members a mayor and two assistantmayors, who kind between themselves the municipal government. The mayor represents the commune in its relations with the opposite public departments. He’s the depository of the executive authority inside the limits prescribed by the regulation, and sees that the binding selections of the Municipal Council, in addition to the lawful orders of the central authorities, are correctly carried out. In performing these duties, the mayor has the precise to challenge orders or to make laws which have the identical compulsory drive because the laws of the opposite administrative authorities, and whose nonobservance could entail fines as much as fifty francs within the cities, and twentyfive francs within the rural communes.

JUSTICE

In line with Article 13 of the Structure, the judiciary energy is vested solely within the regulation courts and magistrates, which act within the title of the Prince. This precept constitutes the primary assure of the independence of the judiciary authorities as regards the opposite State authorities the Prince and the legislative meeting.

In performing their work, the regulation courts should observe the precise sense of the performing legal guidelines of the Principality. They have to be guided by the final spirit of the legal guidelines every time the textual content is obscure or incomplete, and, within the absence of all regulation bearing on the dispute, they need to resolve based on common utilization and fairness.

There aren’t any administrative courts within the Principality. The conflicts between the executive authorities and personal individuals who’ve been wronged belong to the jurisdiction of the bizarre regulation courts. The executive authorities are strictly enjoined to abstain from deciding any disputes bearing on civil rights, the judiciary authorities having unique cognisance of such disputes.

 

Chronological order Lyudmila Zhivkova

The gathering accommodates in chronological order Lyudmila Zhivkova’s statements, stories, articles and speeches within the 19721980 interval. Most of them have been revealed in Bulgarian and overseas newspapers, magazines and collections, and others have been included as verbatim stories.

Thematically the gathering covers a lot of the principal issues of cultural life, which since 1966 has been creating on the premise of the publicState precept, a course of which has given Bulgarian tradition the opportunity of following a real and unique course.

The system of cultural administration has been additional perfected across the nucleus of the publicState precept, which at this stage led to the creation in 1974 of a brand new increased type of group — the nationwide advanced Artwork, Tradition and the Mass Media. The purposiveness and effectiveness of this resolution, new in precept, which has promoted the event and enriched the publicState precept within the administration of cultural processes, creating an ’’open system”, topic to continuous growth, have been eloquently confirmed by public follow in recent times. The event and realization of all this may be chronologically adopted within the writings of Lyudmila Zhivkova throughout this time period.

The opposite extraordinarily necessary issues handled within the supplies revealed within the assortment are associated to the nationwide programme for the aesthetical training of the Bulgarian folks. These are issues of the allround and harmonious growth of the persona, issues of the awakening and realization of the artistic expertise and talents of each man, issues of buying information of the legal guidelines of magnificence, the issue of the unity between the previous, current and future  an issue seen in gentle of the celebration of the

1300th anniversary of the founding of the Bulgarian State  in addition to issues of cultural cooperation among the many peoples, and quite a few concrete questions within the non secular sphere.

Banner of Peace

Particular observe must be fabricated from the embellishments of the concepts of the ’’Banner of Peace” Meeting, first held in Sofia in 1979, which the UNO proclaimed Worldwide Yr of the Baby. These concepts are more and more merging into one frequent stream the efforts and endeavours of the creators and the broad public, efforts directed in the direction of the conclusion of the everlasting human quest for selfdevelopment and selfperfection. The essence of those concepts is expressed and concentrated within the motto ’’UNITY, CREATIVITY, BEAUTY”, a formulation proposed by Lyudmila Zhivkova.

B.R. Gruner Publishing Co.

Amsterdam.

 

BULGARIA THE NETHERLANDS THE TRADE IN PROGRESS

Within the Japanese a part of Europa lies Bulgaria, bounded by the Black Sea, within the Western half lies Holland, bounded by the North Sea. The territory of Bulgaria is thrice as large as that of The Netherlands, Bulgaria’s inhabitants is eight,9 million, Hollands inhabitants is 14 tens of millions. Two little European international locations which have many issues in widespread. Initially, they’ve been agricultural international locations, however after World Conflict II they developed their industries.

The export is extraordinarily necessary for the financial growth of the 2 international locations; they each make nice efforts for its extension. I feel that the nice mutual commerce relations between Bulgaria and The Netherlands are because of the abovementioned information, in addition to to the nice relations between the 2 international locations.

In reference to this 12 months’s celebration of the 1300th anniversary of the muse of the Bulgarian state, there could also be talked about that the primary mutual commerce relations between the 2 international locations date again to 1878, to the opening of commerce consulates in Russe and Varna.

They have been restored once more in 1945 and have been very brisk until 1970.

Sure despair was seen

Within the interval 1970 1975, a sure despair was seen, however new potentialities for additional growth of the commerce between the 2 international locations have been created with the signing of a longterm settlement for financial, industrial and technical cooperation between Bulgaria and The Netherlands. Over the last couple of years the financial relations between Bulgaria en The Netherlands have been prolonged once more and proceed to develop. The conclusion of commerce agreements was facilitated by just a few components, specifically the go to to Sofia of Mr. Van der Klaauw, minister of International Affairs of The Netherlands, and the go to of Christo Christov, minister of International Commerce of Bulgaria, to The Netherlands in 1979.

The statesecretary of overseas commerce of The Netherlands, Mr. Okay.H. Beijen, returned the go to to Sofia in 1980. Throughout this go to he formally opened in Sofia the Netherlands Days of Technics, organized by the Netherlands Council for Commerce Promotion, with the motto: ’’Meet the Dutch in Sofia”. Dutch businessmen audiovisually introduced their merchandise, organized symposia and roundtable conferences. Represented have been the agricultural and foodprocessing industries, medical gear, the chemical trade, electronics, shipbuilding a.o. Additionally necessary was the go to to The Netherlands of the primary vicepresident of the Council of Minis sters, Todor Bozhinov, who had fruitful talks with primeminister Dries van Agt, with different members of the Dutch authorities, and with businessmen.

The Inhabitants Of Bulgaria

In keeping with a particular regulation, a census of the population of Bulgaria is taken at fastened intervals. This vital job is entrusted to the Path of Statistics, whose methodology of operation is comparable to to safe completely dependable outcomes. The completely different Governments which have been in energy because the liberation of Bulgaria have at all times given their particular consideration to this establishment, which has already rendered sign companies, and whose significance is certain to develop with the event of the nation.

Owing to its good organisation and to its skilled personnel, the Path of Statistics possesses at this time hour full data on all these branches of the nationwide exercise which might be translated into figures.

Path of Statistics on December 31st, 1905

The census taken by the Path of Statistics on December 31st, 1905, reveals that at that date the Principality had a inhabitants of four,035,646 inhabitants. The next desk comprises the outcomes obtained by the censuses taken at numerous intervals.

Census of December 31st.          Bale intercourse.             Feminine intercourse.       Totals.

1905      2,057,175            1,978,471            four,035,646

1900      1,909,567            1,834,716            three,744,283

1892      1,690,626            1,620,087            three,310,713

1887      1,605,389            1,548,986            three,154,375

1884      476,462               466,218               942,680

1880      1,027,803            980,116              2,007,9191

From this desk it seems that, throughout the interval 18801905, the inhabitants of Bulgaria elevated by 1,085,047 inhabitants.

If we evaluate the full variety of inhabitants with the full space of the Principality, we acquire 39 inhabitants per sq. kilometre, which represents the current density of inhabitants in Bulgaria. We might, due to this fact, conclude that Bulgaria, * Just for Southern Bulgaria. f Just for Northern Bulgaria.

together with her wealthy soil and her pure benefits, can simply assist a inhabitants significantly bigger than the current one.

The higher a part of the inhabitants dwell within the nation however the variety of cities is comparatively a big one. The capital of the Principality, Sofia, has a inhabitants of 82,621. The cities subsequent in significance are as follows: Plovdiv (Philippopolis), 45,707 inhabitants; Varna, 37,417; Rouss£ (Roustchouk), 33,632; Sliven, 25,027; Shoumen, 22,275 ; Pleven, 21,145; StaraZagora, 20,788.

The next desk comprises the names of cities with a inhabitants from 10,000 to 20,000, and from 5,000 to 10,000 :No.  Cities with TO,OOO to 90,000 inhabitants.        Inhabitants.        No.        Cities with 10,000 to 9o,ooo inhabitants. Inhabitants.

 

THE GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL IMPORT SOFIA BULGARIA

Pricey Sirs,

On the event of your 13th century’s anniversary we ship our greatest greetings to you and your individuals of Bulgaria for good well being and prosperity.

Could our industrial relationship proceed efficiently sooner or later as heretofore and contribute to the great relations of our respective nations.

Yours faithfully,

Administration of: Schroder B.V., Vlaardingen, S.A.D.E.S.A., Buenos Aires, Fed. Meiners Ltda. S.A., Santa Fe, Chilewich Company, New York, Paycueros S.A., Montevideo.

TO MR. ALEXANDER PETKOV, CHAIRMAN OF THE AGRO INDUSTRIAL UNION, SOFIA  BULGARIA.

Pricey Chairman,                September four,1981

This 12 months it’s 1300 years in the past that the muse of the Bulgarian state passed off.

You ask me concerning the things to do in Bulgaria? I can inform you a few of them. You’ll be able to have enjoyable walks within the nature, you may make mates, get pleasure from adventurous excursions, study historical past… Shall I stick with it?

We wish to congratulate the individuals of Bulgaria and particular the chairman and his cooperators within the Agro Industrial Union with this comfortable occasion.

. Up to now we as group of Hendrix enterprises have had many good contacts with individuals of your nation. We hope that this cooperation can go on sooner or later.

Ir. L.G. Vogels Directo Van Erp Export Supervisor

TO HIS EXCELLENCY MR. L. AVRAMOV, AMBASSADOR OF THE P.R. OF BULGARIA  THE HAGUE.

Your Excellency,              Enkhuizen, 12th October, 1981

It offers me nice pleasure to congratulate you cordially on behalf of the SLUIS EN GROOT Firm, on the event of the 1300th Anniversary of the muse of the Bulgarian State.

Via the years that we had been doing enterprise along with your nation, we now have realized to love your individuals and admire what’s being accomplished for the long run prosperity of the P.R. of Bulgaria.

Particularly we like to say our scientific cooperation with the Bulgarian Academy of Science in Sofia since 1972 and our industrial and technological cooperation with Mineralagro in Sofia since 1980.

Could I want you and your nation additional successes, and I do hope that the relations between our nations will proceed to develop in future in a most passable method.

 

AN IMPRESSIVE LARGESCALE PERFORMANCE OF AIDA WITH BULGARIAN SINGERS OF SUPERB STANDING

The Westeuropean tour of the Sofia State Opera with the large manufacturing of Aida has a particular cause  the 1300 years’ existance of the state Bulgaria.

Within the two performances participate not lower than 300 singers. The performances will happen within the Dutch Congress corridor  Congres gebouw on the 18th and 19th of March, 1981.

Bulgaria is a rustic with wealthy opera traditions. In the present day, in nice numbers, Bulgarian opera soloists are triumphing on the massive opera levels.

On the event of this festive jubilee, singers of excessive standing are gathered, one thing which seldom may be accomplished.

The performances within the Hague are below the patronage of the Bulgarian Ambassador in our nation.

 

Treaty of Berlin positioned on the Turkish Authorities

It’s true that the Treaty of Berlin positioned on the Turkish Authorities the duty of giving to those provinces additionally a sure diploma of liberty. A draft of reforms was even ready in 1880; ‘.nevertheless it’remained such, and Macedonia continues to be what it was earlier than the RussoTurkish Warfare.

A bit of greater than 1 / 4 of a century has elapsed since these occasions.

In Russia, in addition to in Bulgaria, this primary anniversary has been celebrated with nice solemnity. It’s to be hoped that earlier than very lengthy it can have one other echo with the inauguration of the monument raised in Sofia by a grateful nation to the Tzar Liberator.

Bulgaria has, due to this fact, had an unbiased existence of some twentyfive years. And but, what a distinction between the previous Turkish province and the current Principality I The place distress and devastation reigned earlier than, a flourishing nation extends now, stuffed with vitality and promise. Within the place of the previous oppressed “ rayas,” as we speak there’s a younger nation whose aptitude for progress, for the sciences and business, has been already proved. New cities have sprung up, railways traverse the territory in all instructions, properly maintained public roads join the smallest villages, telegraph strains present at each step the work of civilisation. Harbours in-built conformity with modem necessities are opening to Bulgaria vistas for the event of her maritime commerce. Shut upon a milliard francs have been spent upon these numerous public works, however what deserves our particular discover is just not the magnitude of the outlay, however the immense quantity of vitality displayed, systematically and with a neverflagging zeal, throughout this quarter of a century, within the face of obstacles and difficulties, with a view to attain the extent of European tradition.

Not solely the political circumstances

The whole lot had to get replaced. It’s not solely the political circumstances which have altered, however social life itself. At a second’s discover, and virtually out of nothing, a brand new administration needed to be organised and the varied organs of the nationwide life to be improvised. Hardly something of the previous regime was or may very well be utilised. On this connection, it’s attention-grabbing to watch the completely different fortunes of a conquered province. When a province which had shaped a part of a civilised nation passes to a nation equally civilised, one could say that in lots of respects the. change is an unimportant one, as a result of in such a case the conqueror retains nearly all of the establishments, the one distinction being that sooner or later they work within the identify of the brand new sovereign authority.

Zambia take delight in having pleasant relations

We in Zambia take delight in having pleasant relations with such individuals, who’re strongly decided to develop their nation. You’ve achieved exceptional successes. Your private wholeheartedness and sensible management are a supply of inspiration for the Bulgarian individuals. Your Excellency’s efforts are aimed toward a definite figuring out, an energetic software and strengthening of the socialist achievements, which turned Bulgaria into an industrialagrarian state with extremely developed science and tradition.

The individuals of Zambia benefit from the heat and heartfelt relations current between our two pleasant peoples.

Wishing Your Excellency good well being, we hope that we will proceed to consolidate collectively these heat relations that are main us to a very good financial and technical cooperation.

Kenneth Kaunda, President of the Republic of Zambia.

TO

TODOR ZHIVKOV, GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE BULGARIAN COMMUNIST PARTY AND PRESIDENT OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA.

On the event of celebrating the 1300th anniversary of the inspiration of the Bulgarian state we have now pleasure in conveying to your individuals, Get together and authorities the honest congratulations of the Guinean individuals, Get together and State, in addition to my private greetings. We observe with nice curiosity and admiration the exceptional achievements of your nation  the results of the persistant efforts of your hardworking individuals whom we want nonetheless new successes within the realization of their noble aspirations.

We avail ourselves of this joyful alternative to verify our want and readiness to proceed to develop and strengthen steadily the relations of friendship and useful cooperation current between our two nations.

Please settle for our needs for happiness and prosperity which we deal with to You personnaly and to the Bulgarian individuals.

Ahmed Sekou Toure, President of Folks’s revolutionary Republick of Guinea

TO

HIS EXCELLENCY MR. TODOR ZHIVKOV, CHAIRMAN OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA,

SOFIA, BULGARIA.

On the auspimneus event marking the thirteenth centennial jubilee of the Folks’s Republic of Bulgaria, it’s my nice pleasure to convey to Your Excellency on behalf of the federal government and other people of Malta and by myself behalf heat felicitations and finest needs for Your Excellency’s wellbeing and for the continued welfare of your individuals.

While sharing your rejoicing on this memorable event we sit up for nearer cooperation and to the additional strengthening of our ties of friendship for the continued progress of our two peoples.

Anton Buttigieg, President of the Republic of Malta.

 

The British and American governments intervened

The Soviet commander, Basic Biryuzov, consistently interfered in Bulgarian inner affairs. He demanded the ouster of Dr. G. M.

Dimitrov from his place of Secretary Basic of the Bulgarian Peasant Social gathering. When this was refused, Basic Biryuzov ordered the arrest of Dr. Dimitrov. (Fifteen years later, Basic Biryuzov boasted of his private half within the subjugation of Bulgaria, in an article in Rabotnicheslco Delo, organ of the Bulgarian Communist Social gathering, dated September 6, 1959; he additionally vehemently attacked the leaders of the Bulgarian Peasant Social gathering, Dr. G. M. Dimitrov and the late Nicholas Petkov.)

The Bulgarian Communist leaders have persistently acknowledged, in statements revealed within the press, that communism would have by no means been established in Bulgaria with out the presence of the Purple Military. The stress exerted by the Purple Military led to the transformation of the coalition Cupboard, established in September 1944, right into a Communist administration by July 1945. This Communist regime was not impartial and sovereign however subservient to the Soviet Union. It didn’t and doesn’t characterize the free will of the Bulgarian individuals.

In July 1945, the Soviets introduced that elections would happen inside a month and that there can be just one ticket, the listing of the “Fatherland Entrance”. The chief of the Peasant Social gathering, Nicholas Petkov, who was then nonetheless a member of the federal government, forwarded, within the title of his group, a memorandum to the Allied Management Fee in Bulgaria. He requested Allied tremendous¬imaginative and prescient of the poll with a purpose to guarantee free elections in accordance with the ideas set forth at Yalta. The Bulgarian Communists, with out prior notification of Petkov, introduced that he had “resigned” as deputy premier. In protest, all of the remaining Cupboard ministers belonging to the Peasant Social gathering, the Social Democrats and the Impartial Intellectuals handed of their resignations.

At this level, the British and American governments intervened. Apparently yielding to their stress, the Russians suggested the Sofia regime to postpone the elections and to confess opposition candidates. Petkov was allowed to re-establish his social gathering headquarters and to publish his personal paper.

These enhancements, nevertheless, didn’t final for lengthy. In violation of their settlement, the Communist-dominated Sofia regime introduced that the elections can be held on November 18, 1945. The opposition events determined to boycott the elections. Just one listing of candidates was drawn up, headed by the Communist Social gathering. In December 1945, the Three Massive Powers held a convention in Moscow. They met to cope with the state of affairs in Jap Europe and the Balkans. They adopted a “compromise’’ answer for Bulgaria, which supplied for 2 representatives of the opposition’ events to be included within the Communist authorities.

 

Conventional sample of nonetheless life and panorama portray

Solely simply now some artists have damaged the standard sample of nonetheless life and panorama portray in a method or one other. One in every of them is Emil Stoichev, along with his portraits wherein fiction dominates the naturalistic method: hardedge realism is attribute for Yordan Marinov  his work present an impact of irreality. The works of Andrei Daniel even have an environment of estrangement. Up to date graphic artwork has in its material a robust penchant in direction of the unbelievable, primarily within the etchings and lithographs by Stoyan Tzanev, Stoimen Stoilov and Stoyan Stoyanov.

Ivan Dimov’s work have an inclination in direction of photorealism. In Rousse Nikolai Karadjov and Volodia Kenarev discover their very own type of realism: Karadjov makes stylized nonetheless life work, Kenarev concentrates on interiors and outdated buildings in his work. The coloristic experiments by Vessa Vassileva, now working at Boyana, close to Sofia, give her a place of her personal in up to date Bulgarian artwork. My acquaintance with Bulgarian artwork was quick and undoubtedly fragmentary; nonetheless it was an actual encounter which incorporates an earnest want for contacts of a vaster and extra profound character.

John Sillevis,

Chief specialist within the municipal museum The Hague.

Article within the catalogue for the exhibition ’’Up to date Bulgarian Artwork” in ’’Pulchri” studio injunejuly 1981.

BULGARIA 1300

From the article Bulgaria celebrates this 12 months its 1300 years existence as a state. In 1300” by R. Soetenhorst in 681 A.D. the Bulgarian Khan Asparuch succeeded by a struggle of NRC Handelsblad, 31 October a few years in forcing the Byzantine emperor to make a treaty re 1981 cognizing the Asparuch’s kingdom on the Balkans.

Nearly the entire worldwide group was final week represented in Sofia on the festivities every now and then of the 1300 years Bulgaria.

Todor Zhivkov, since 1954 the undisputed chief of Bulgaria, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Social gathering and President of the State Council of the Individuals’s Republic couldn’t have wished a greater second for the festivities round Bulgaria 1300.

The Bulgarian chief makes efforts for atomfree Balkans. The neighbourly nations are invited subsequent 12 months to a topconference about this concept, which might be held for instance and by desire in Sofia. The Bulgarian authorities, which declares that it’s going to not permit any atomic weapons on its floor, has already exchanged views with completely different Scandinavian governments about atomfree zones in Europe.

An existence not lower than 1300 years

In 1981 a celebrating state, which is pleased with an existence not lower than 1300 years, Bulgaria:  a rustic which had in a really quick time to make up damages carried out for hundreds of years, a tough on itself working communist state, which increasingly more typically manages to draw the eye of the Western ’’spectator”.

For the celebration of this anniversary within the Netherlands Bulgaria shall be within the information with a sequence of exhibitions and visits of dancing teams and the unsurpassed opera of Sofia.

Bulgaria, a distant Balkancountry, which is clearly prepared to come back nearer.